Rank1
Index84.98
Extensive distance tolls · Quality B
RESEARCH · 2026
How heavy is Europe’s toll burden, really?
A composite index for 31 countries that looks beyond the price per kilometre to affordability, network exposure and how often a driver has to pay again.
A higher score means a greater combined burden.
31Countries
5Dimensions
Rank 1Greece
84.98Greece index
28 July 2026Published · v1.0.0
A toll is not a single price. For a driver it becomes cost, repeated transactions, exposure across the road network and pressure relative to disposable income.
The research covers the EU-27 plus Switzerland, the United Kingdom, Norway and Türkiye. This composite index is a research model, not an official European Commission or Eurostat ranking.
31 COUNTRIES · PUBLISHED RESEARCH BASELINE
The overall ranking
The index combines five dimensions. A higher score means a greater combined toll burden.
Data-quality grades
- A
- strong official documentation
- B
- official sources with modelled parameters
- C
- greater reliance on estimates or representative routes
31 of 31 countries
| Rank | Country | System | Quality | Actions | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Extensive distance tolls | B | 84.98 | 88.28 | 83.77 | 95.00 | 85.27 | 22.43 | ||
| 2 | Extensive distance tolls | B | 72.76 | 79.43 | 75.01 | 90.00 | 44.56 | 25.94 | ||
| 3 | Extensive distance tolls | B | 70.06 | 85.74 | 61.06 | 90.00 | 31.66 | 16.11 | ||
| 4 | Extensive distance tolls | B | 66.55 | 79.41 | 52.90 | 65.00 | 63.64 | 33.11 | ||
| 5 | Extensive distance tolls | B | 66.07 | 86.94 | 47.22 | 80.00 | 33.62 | 16.11 | ||
| 6 | Extensive distance tolls | B | 63.19 | 83.72 | 45.78 | 73.50 | 33.63 | 16.11 | ||
| 7 | Time-based vignette | A | 62.35 | 82.32 | 29.11 | 100.00 | 2.67 | 64.00 | ||
| 8 | Time-based vignette | A | 60.83 | 78.38 | 40.20 | 95.00 | 2.67 | 40.74 | ||
| 9 | Time-based vignette | A | 59.05 | 77.91 | 21.23 | 100.00 | 3.82 | 61.22 | ||
| 10 | Hybrid: projects and urban toll rings | C | 57.03 | 72.98 | 19.62 | 48.75 | 81.24 | 39.61 | ||
| 11 | Time-based vignette | A | 51.18 | 68.04 | 10.41 | 95.00 | 7.17 | 36.02 | ||
| 12 | Time-based vignette | A | 50.19 | 66.70 | 16.79 | 90.00 | 2.67 | 34.91 | ||
| 13 | Time-based vignette | A | 46.10 | 60.76 | 18.72 | 80.00 | 2.67 | 33.01 | ||
| 14 | Time-based vignette | A | 44.01 | 51.17 | 10.60 | 98.75 | 2.67 | 25.38 | ||
| 15 | Selected tolled sections | B | 40.30 | 57.62 | 13.17 | 29.00 | 47.88 | 32.69 | ||
| 16 | Special projects or local charges | A | 40.09 | 71.49 | 14.63 | 11.00 | 27.45 | 45.00 | ||
| 17 | Time-based vignette | A | 39.56 | 42.03 | 6.63 | 100.00 | 2.67 | 20.46 | ||
| 18 | Selected tolled sections | B | 37.94 | 58.13 | 17.18 | 21.25 | 38.64 | 24.04 | ||
| 19 | Selected tolled sections | B | 26.27 | 41.91 | 6.40 | 8.50 | 35.38 | 24.43 | ||
| 20 | Special projects or local charges | C | 14.53 | 19.89 | 0.73 | 4.00 | 22.66 | 44.57 | ||
| 21 | Special projects or local charges | B | 13.50 | 19.89 | 0.86 | 6.50 | 17.10 | 30.21 | ||
| 22 | Special projects or local charges | B | 8.52 | 13.19 | 0.40 | 2.00 | 7.41 | 32.94 | ||
| 23 | Special projects or local charges | A | 3.91 | 3.43 | 0.07 | 1.50 | 7.41 | 22.29 | ||
| 24 | Special projects or local charges | B | 3.39 | 3.00 | 0.06 | 0.40 | 4.84 | 27.40 | ||
| 25 | No interurban tolls | A | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
| 25 | No interurban tolls | A | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
| 25 | No interurban tolls | A | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
| 25 | No interurban tolls | A | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
| 25 | No interurban tolls | A | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
| 25 | No interurban tolls | A | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | ||
| 25 | No interurban tolls | A | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 |
Schematic view of the toll burden
Select a country for its full profile. Symbol size and intensity encode the index, while the number remains visible.
How to read it
- 70–100 · very high
- 45–69.99 · high
- 15–44.99 · medium
- 0–14.99 · low
A symbolic relative-position map, not a navigation tool.
Map data table
- Greece: rank 1, index 84.98
- Türkiye: rank 2, index 72.76
- Croatia: rank 3, index 70.06
- Portugal: rank 4, index 66.55
- France: rank 5, index 66.07
- Italy: rank 6, index 63.19
- Switzerland: rank 7, index 62.35
- Hungary: rank 8, index 60.83
- Slovenia: rank 9, index 59.05
- Norway: rank 10, index 57.03
- Austria: rank 11, index 51.18
- Czechia: rank 12, index 50.19
- Slovakia: rank 13, index 46.10
- Bulgaria: rank 14, index 44.01
- Ireland: rank 15, index 40.30
- Denmark: rank 16, index 40.09
- Romania: rank 17, index 39.56
- Poland: rank 18, index 37.94
- Spain: rank 19, index 26.27
- United Kingdom: rank 20, index 14.53
- Sweden: rank 21, index 13.50
- Belgium: rank 22, index 8.52
- Netherlands: rank 23, index 3.91
- Germany: rank 24, index 3.39
- Finland: rank 25, index 0.00
- Cyprus: rank 25, index 0.00
- Estonia: rank 25, index 0.00
- Latvia: rank 25, index 0.00
- Lithuania: rank 25, index 0.00
- Luxembourg: rank 25, index 0.00
- Malta: rank 25, index 0.00
2–4 COUNTRIES · SHAREABLE STATE
Compare the burdens side by side
Your selection is stored in the page URL.
| Country | Index | Economic cost | Affordability | Network exposure | Friction | Proportionality |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Greece | 84.98 | 88.28 | 83.77 | 95.00 | 85.27 | 22.43 |
| Türkiye | 72.76 | 79.43 | 75.01 | 90.00 | 44.56 | 25.94 |
EXPERIMENTAL TOOL · NOT THE PUBLISHED RESEARCH BASELINE
Try different weights
These results are a personal scenario. They do not alter or replace the published research index or baseline ranking.
Current total: 100%The weights total 100%.
Top five in your scenario
- 🇬🇷 Greece84.98
- 🇹🇷 Türkiye72.76
- 🇭🇷 Croatia70.06
- 🇵🇹 Portugal66.55
- 🇫🇷 France66.07
GREECE · CASE STUDY
Why Greece ranks first
Not because it is the most expensive on every individual measure, but because several high burdens occur at the same time.
High real cost, affordability pressure, near-total exposure on major routes and repeated charges combine more intensely than in any other country in the sample.
The gap to second place is 12.22 points. Greece remains first across all five sensitivity scenarios.
Published research baseline84.98Rank 1/31
- Economic cost
- 88.28
- Affordability
- 83.77
- Network exposure
- 95.00
- Friction
- 85.27
- Proportionality
- 22.43
METHODOLOGY v1.0
Five lenses on one combined burden
Published scores and ranks are read directly from the research JSON. They are not recalculated in the browser.
Economic cost
40%Effective cost of representative short, long and annual road use.
Affordability
20%Cost relative to national median disposable income.
Network exposure
20%Share of the relevant network and major routes exposed to charging.
Friction
15%Repeated transactions, infrastructure density and fragmentation.
Proportionality
5%Short-trip penalties, product availability, complexity and transparency.
Normalisation
Continuous variables use logarithmic normalisation to a 0–100 scale with fixed caps, limiting distortion from isolated extreme bridges or projects.
Sensitivity scenarios
Baseline, Cost-heavy, Affordability-heavy, Friction-heavy and Equal-pillars test how stable each position remains as weights change.
Quality grades A, B and C
Each country has an evidence grade. Network exposure and friction include documented modelling assumptions.
View the published research baseline top ten
| Rank | Country | Index |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Greece | 84.98 |
| 2 | Türkiye | 72.76 |
| 3 | Croatia | 70.06 |
| 4 | Portugal | 66.55 |
| 5 | France | 66.07 |
| 6 | Italy | 63.19 |
| 7 | Switzerland | 62.35 |
| 8 | Hungary | 60.83 |
| 9 | Slovenia | 59.05 |
| 10 | Norway | 57.03 |
OPEN DATA · EVIDENCE
Sources and downloads
Version 1.0.0 · data cutoff 28 July 2026
JSONPublished research dataMachine-readable research release ↓CSV31-country tableFor analysis and reuse ↓XLSXComplete audit workbookInputs, formulas, sources and dashboard ↓
Common methodology sources
- OECD/JRC · Composite indicator methodology (opens in a new tab)
- ASECAP · Statistical evidence (opens in a new tab)
- European Commission · Road charging (opens in a new tab)
- Eurostat · Disposable income (opens in a new tab)
- ONS · Household income (opens in a new tab)
- European Central Bank · Exchange rates (opens in a new tab)
Country-specific sources appear in each country profile.
Open-data licence
The published dataset is available under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International licence (CC BY 4.0). Reuse is permitted with appropriate attribution.
Recommended citation
Jo Di (2026), EU Toll Burden Index 2026, version 1.0.0, https://jodi.graphics/tolls/.